Employing this theoretical framework, a stereotypical association (such as ‘Black’ and ‘negative’) stored in semantic memory might be automatically activated, eliciting an implicit stereotype effect and a consequent faster behavioural outcome. Thus, the activation of a social concept spreads out to associated attribute concepts in the network, making them more easily accessible during judgements to all group members of that social group. race or gender) is firmly combined with an attribute concept (e.g. From a theoretical point of view, an implicit stereotype may be defined as overgeneralised semantic attributes automatically associated with a particular social group, whereby within the semantic memory associative network system, a social concept (e.g. Making decisions and categorising other people by using these heuristics, based on simple associations such as sex or race, may not always result in a ‘socially correct’ behavioural response bringing out implicit stereotypes and racial prejudice towards the members of a social group. In particular, this energy-saving ability allows us to navigate our social environment efficiently by adopting fast and relatively inflexible strategic (heuristic) judgments of other people. Our ability to readily categorise the myriad of contents of the world represents an efficient adaptive processing tool to provide maximum information with minimum cognitive effort. Further information regarding the experimental design and statistical analyses are reported in the Supporting Information files.įunding: The authors received no specific funding for this work.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: The raw data processed and analysed for this work are available at the Open Science Framework (OSF, ). Received: OctoAccepted: JPublished: July 27, 2022Ĭopyright: © 2022 Di Palma et al. PLoS ONE 17(7):Įditor: Marte Otten, University of Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS Mouse-tracking metrics to examine the conflict processing in a race-implicit association test. Finally, our novel phase-based approach can be an effective tool to shed light on the implicit conflict processing emerging in a categorisation task with a promising transferable value in different cognitive and neuropsychological fields.Ĭitation: Di Palma M, Carioti D, Arcangeli E, Rosazza C, Ambrogini P, Cuppini R, et al. Our results show that the MT approach provides an accurate and finer-grained characterisation of the implicit racial attitude than classical RT-IAT. This latter continuous competition process was studied using a novel phase-based approach which allowed to temporally dissect an Early, a Mid and a Late phase, each of which may differently reflect the decision conflict between automatic and controlled responses in the evolution of the mouse movement towards the target response. Furthermore, the distributional analyses showed that mouse trajectories displayed a smooth profile both in congruent and incongruent trials to indicate that the unfolding of the decision process and the raised conflict is guided by dynamical cognitive processing. ![]() Moreover, these MT-metrics were positively associated with RT-race-IAT scores, strengthening the MT approach’s validity in characterising the implicit bias. In addition, in the MT-race-IAT, the MT-metrics showed a similar Congruency Effect mirroring the higher attraction of the averaged-trajectories towards the incorrect response button in incongruent than congruent trials. From a behavioural point of view, our sample showed a typical Congruency Effect, thus a pro-White implicit bias, in the RT-race-IAT. ![]() Participants of Western European descent performed a standard keyboard-response race-IAT (RT-race-IAT) and an MT-race-IAT with the same structure. In this study, we adapted a race-Implicit Association Test (race-IAT) to mouse-tracking (MT) technique to identify the more representative target observed MT-metrics and explore the temporal unfolding of the cognitive conflict emerging during the categorisation task.
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